| annulus |
unevenly thickened cells found in spore case of ferns
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| antheridium |
male gametangium (produces sperm)
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| archegonia |
female gametangia
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| archegoniophore |
contains archegonia
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| archegonium |
female gametangium
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| bark |
all tissues that lie outside the vascular cambium. Consists of: primary and secondary phloem, cortex parenchyma + resin canals and the periderm(s)
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| calyptra |
enlarged archegonium that surrounds embryo
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| circinate vernation |
tight coiled leaf in a young fern
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| collenchyma |
cells that are living at maturity and have irregularly thickened walls. provide mechanical support
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| cotyledons |
seed leaves
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| dictyostele |
a siphonostele that has broken up due to crowing of leaves and leaf gaps
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| dioecious |
plant has male and female forms.
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| eusporangiate |
have sporangial that arise from several cells, contain a
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| exarch |
the order of maturation of xylem. In this case primary xylem, proxylem is formed at the outside and secondary xylem metaxylem is formed in the center
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| excurrant |
a plant with a dominant trunk and whorled branches
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| fascicles |
needs in a group. Pines are the only ones to possess these
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| gametangium |
structure that produce gametes
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| gametophore |
fertile stalk that bears gametangia
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| gymnosperms |
"naked seed"
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| heterosporous |
plant produces two types of spore. Megaspore and microspore. graphic (you'll need to scroll down a bit)
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| homosporous |
plant produces one type of spore. graphic (you'll need to scroll down a bit)
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| hypocotyl |
stem like region that connects the coltyledons to roots
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| hypodermis |
found in coniferophyta. thick-walled again and fibrous tissues reinforce. this layer prevents water loss
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| indusium |
an outgrowth from the leaf, evolved to protect the sori
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| leptosporangiate |
ferns that arise from a single cell, contain a stalk and a single cell layer wall, have a wall that is modified for spore discharge, are small and contain few spores. It is an evolutionary advancement.
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| megasporangium |
structure that produces megaspores
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| meristeles |
where a siphonostele has been broken up into smaller vascular bundles
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| mesophyll |
photosynthetic tissue in a leaf found between upper and lower epidermis
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| microsporangium |
structure that produces microspores
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| nucellus |
found in gymnosperms, equivalent to the megasporangium
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| paraphyses |
a sterile tissue on moss gametangia that allow for the retention of moisture
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| parenchyma |
cells that are the most abundant in plants. totipotent cells
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| pericycle |
the outer boundary of the stele found just inside the endodermis
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| periderm |
a protective tissue produced by the cork cambium
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| prophylls |
enations or scale leaves. scale like structures on stem that lack vascular supply
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| prothallus |
heart-shaped, green, and free-living gametophyte of ferns
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| protonema |
moss sporophyte. algae-like strands that contain numerous chloroplasts
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| protostele |
a solid core of conducting tissues where phloem surrounds xylem. Protostele plants lack a central pith
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| protoxylem |
first formed xylem cells
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| rachis |
central stalk in fern megaphyll
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| rhizome |
an underground stem
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| sclerenchyma |
dead or alive, very ridged, thick and often ligninified cell walls. there are two types, sclerids (stone cells, like in pear) and fibres (like in celery).
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| seta |
stalk
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| siphonostele |
where tissue surrounding the pith is a cylinder. found in ferns
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| sori |
clusters of spore cases found on the underside of fern leaves
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| sporangia |
stucture which contains spores
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| sporangiophore |
structure on a stalk with sporangia
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| sporocarp |
specialized fruiting body found in aquatic ferns (looks cool, like a seed that has a tongue)
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| stele |
centeral cylinder of tissue lyinginside the cortex. Includes xylem, phloem, pericycle and pith (if present)
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| stipe |
(aka: rachis, petiole) stalk in a leaf
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| trabeculae |
supports vascular cylinder in airspace of selaginella
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| xylem |
vascular tissue that conducts water
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